DEGREE OF BRANCHING OF THE HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS RESULTED FROM AB_2 POLYCONDENSATION WITH SUBSTITUTION EFFECT

The analytical expressions of the various structural units and the average degree of branching for the hyperbranched polymers resulted from AB_2 polycondensation with substitution effect were derived by the kinetic mechanism.The reactivity difference between the B group in linear unit and that in terminal group has great effect on the molecular parameters of the products obtained.The concentration of terminal units has a maximum with the increase of the conversion of A groups(x).The higher the reactivity...     

On the degree of approximation of functions belonging to a Lipschitz class by Hausdorff means of its fourier series

In a recent paper Lal and Yadov [4] obtained a theorem on the degree of approximation for a function belonging to the Lipschitz class Lipα using the product of the Cesàro and Euler means of order one of its Fourier series. In this paper we extend this result to any regular Hausdorff matrix for the same class of functions.     

关于一类择优增长系统的度分布的注记

本文研究文[1]中提出的一类择优增长系统,说明文[1]中利用主方程法求解系统的平均度分布及稳态度分布是值得商榷的,然后通过考虑系统中空团体的存在的可能性,对系统进行修正,并证明空团体存在的必要性。     

An involution on increasing trees

We introduce a method to construct bijections on increasing trees. Using this method, we construct an involution on increasing trees, from which we obtain the equidistribution of the statistics ‘number of odd vertices’ and ‘number of even vertices at odd levels’. As an application, we deduce that the expected value of the number of even vertices is twice the expected value of the number of odd vertices in a random recursive tree of given size.     

坝前淤泥土与新填坝体接触面抗剪强度试验研究及工程应用

坝前淤泥面与新填筑坝体接触面是"坝前淤泥面加坝"技术的薄弱环节。为了探究不同工况下淤泥坝基、新填筑坝体,以及淤泥土-新填土接触面的剪切强度特性,以宁夏南部山区西吉县南川水库坝前淤泥面加坝工程为研究对象,通过常规应变式直剪仪、改进常规应变式直剪仪分别进行剪切试验,分析了淤泥土含水率和压实度变化时,淤泥土、新填土、淤泥土-新填土接触界面的抗剪强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角的变化规律。试验结果表明:新填土抗剪强度最大,不同工况下淤泥土-新填土接触界面的抗剪强度介于淤泥土和新填土的抗剪强度之间;淤泥土含水率在12%~16%之间存在最优含水率,超过该含水率后,淤泥土及淤泥土-新填土接触界面之间的抗剪强度均显著降低;当淤泥土含水率从8%增加至12%、16%时,黏聚力减小8%左右后迅速减小至22%,具有明显的阶段性,而淤泥土-新填土接触界面的黏聚力呈现先增加后减小的趋势;当含水率相同时,随着压实度的增加,淤泥土、淤泥土-新填土接触面的黏聚力、内摩擦角总体呈增大趋势。最后根据试验结果对"坝前淤泥面加坝"工法的工程应用提出了相关建议。     

Adaptive allocation rules for hypergraph games

Cooperative games with hypergraph structure, or hypergraph games, assume that all players in a hyperlink or conference have to be present before communication. Contrary to this situation, assuming that whenever players leave a conference the remaining players can still communicate with each other, adaptive allocation rules for hypergraph games, being alternative extensions of the Myerson value and the position value respectively, are introduced in this paper. Axiomatic characterizations are also provided by considering players' absence.     

二维红外相关光谱研究熟度对肌原纤维蛋白构象的影响

熟度是指牛排烹煮到可食用的程度,是影响牛排的适口性和消费者满意度的重要因素。肌原纤维蛋白是肌肉中一类重要的盐溶性结构蛋白群,其热凝胶特性与肉品品质密切相关。加热是使生肉变熟的关键工艺,近年来,国内外在加热过程对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性及其结构变化影响方面开展了广泛的研究,但在熟度对牛肉蛋白结构影响研究方面却鲜有报道。为了探究熟度对肌原纤维蛋白结构影响及其变化机理,在现代红外光谱分析的基础上,将ATR-FTIR技术与二维相关光谱相结合,利用红外光谱、二阶导数光谱和二维相关光谱动态跟踪熟制过程蛋白结构变化规律,说明蛋白在烹饪过程的主要变化,为揭示熟度引起的蛋白构象变化机理和西餐牛排烹饪工艺优化提供理论依据。结果表明,在1 700～1 500 cm-1波数范围内,熟度对肌原纤维蛋白特征吸收峰强度影响显著,从特征峰强度变化趋势可见,肌原纤维蛋白特征峰强度呈阶段性变化：第一阶段,从对照组到一分熟,特征峰强度下降,属于加热初期;第二阶段,从一分熟到五分熟,特征峰强度无显著变化,属于加热中期;第三阶段,从五分熟到过熟,特征峰强度继续减弱,属于加热后期;同步谱分析结果表明,在1 650,1 640,1 556和1 540 cm-1附近出现自相关峰,且自相关峰两两之间的交叉峰均为正交叉峰,说明这些自相关峰对于熟度变化较为敏感,且峰强度与蛋白烹饪熟度之间呈正相关;由自相关峰光谱强度顺序可以看出,五分熟是蛋白温度敏感区变化的转折点,在从对照组到五分熟的烹饪过程中,肌原纤维蛋白的温度敏感重点区域位于酰胺Ⅱ带,而在从五分熟到过熟的烹饪过程中,蛋白的温度敏感重点区域位于酰胺Ⅰ带的α-螺旋结构。得到的这些由熟度变化引起的肌原纤维蛋白分子结构动态变化的微观信息,可为西餐牛排烹饪工艺过程控制和优化提供理论依据。     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

New polyurethane foams modified with cellulose derivatives

New polyurethane foams were elaborated with different cellulose derivatives as raw material, by the one-shot process. The foams were submitted to soxhlet extraction in order to quantify the amount of cellulose derivative incorporated in the foam by chemical bonding. The foams were characterized by means of FTIR, solid state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The FTIR- and solid state ¹³C NMR showed characteristic peaks for cellulose derivatives and polyurethane. DMA measurements indicated that storage modulus increased with increasing content of cellulose derivatives. The highest value was obtained for foams prepared with cellulose sulphate.